How DNA Genetics Testing Works

DNA genetics testing is a rapidly growing field of science with a wide variety of applications in different fields, from prenatal screening to criminal prosecution to genealogy. Keep reading to learn how DNA genetics testing works in the medical, legal and physiology fields.

Medical applications

In the medical world, genetic testing is used to screen fetuses and newborn babies for possible genetic disorders. These tests can determine some, but not all, possible birth defects. Carrier testing is a form of genetic testing that married couples can use to determine their risk of conceiving a child with birth defects. For fetuses, the results of these screenings are often factors in the decision to terminate pregnancy. As a result, opponents of abortion have voiced objection to this form of testing. Another medical application of genetic testing involves parental testing; in a dispute regarding the paternity of a child, samples of DNA from the alleged fathers are gathered to determine the identity of the child's father. Genetic tests are also used for diagnostic tests for various diseases.

Legal applications

DNA genetics testing is commonly used in forensic sciences. Anything found at a crime scene that contains DNA is a potential clue to the identity of a criminal. It has often made the difference between conviction and acquittal in cases. In the United States of America, each state has its own laws regarding the admissibility of DNA evidence.

Genealogy

DNA tests have found use in genealogy. In the USA, they are used to test Native American or African ancestry, while in the 1990s they proved that Anna Anderson, the woman who claimed to be the Russian Grand Duchess Anastasia Romanoff, was not who she said she was.

There are many uses for DNA genetics testing. Some are controversial, and all are complex. Future technological advancements may open up even more opportunities for the use of DNA genetics testing.